Fossil Energy Utilization, Enhancement, and Leadership Act of 2018 This bill addresses carbon capture, utilization, and storage, including by requiring the Department of Energy to: establish a program to develop technologies that will significantly improve the efficiency, effectiveness, costs, and environmental performance of coal use; implement a research, development, and demonstration carbon utilization program; assess opportunities relating to commercializing carbon dioxide; convene an interagency task force to assess the potential for a national system of carbon dioxide pipelines; and carry out a program to develop advanced separation technologies for the extraction and recovery of rare earth elements and minerals from coal.