Civil Liberties Protection Act of 2023 This bill establishes the position of the Civil Liberties Protection Officer for the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). The officer must (1) oversee FinCEN compliance with all laws, regulations, and implementing guidelines related to civil liberties and privacy; (2) review, assess, and refer, if appropriate, complaints and information indicating any abuses of civil liberties and privacy; and (3) conduct annual privacy impact assessments and report findings to Congress. The bill also requires the Department of the Treasury to inform Congress of FinCEN activities, including unlawful activity and any corrective measures taken.