Debt Commission Act of 2024 This bill establishes a debt commission within Congress, comprised of Members of Congress. The debt commission shall identify policies to (1) achieve a sustainable ratio of federal debt to gross domestic product, (2) improve the long-term solvency of federal programs funded through trust funds, and (3) enhance the fiscal oversight function of Congress. The debt commission must submit a report and legislative language to carry out its recommendations. The Congressional Budget Office must provide specified economic and budgetary estimates of the commission's legislative language. Congress shall consider bills submitted by the debt commission in an expedited manner.