The "China Technology Transfer Control Act of 2025" seeks to safeguard U.S. national interests by controlling the export of specific technology and intellectual property to the People's Republic of China (PRC). It defines "covered national interest technology or intellectual property" to include items that significantly contribute to the PRC's military potential, are used for human rights violations, or are components of products receiving PRC government support. The bill asserts that while the U.S. promotes cultural and technological exchange, the PRC exploits these channels for military objectives and to threaten the United States.

Within 180 days of enactment, the President must implement controls on the export, re-export, or transfer of this covered technology and intellectual property to the PRC. The bill also mandates the imposition of sanctions, under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, against foreign persons who knowingly provide or purchase such items from the PRC, or Chinese persons who knowingly use them in violation of U.S. export laws. These sanctions involve blocking property transactions, though they do not apply to the importation of goods, and the President retains waiver authority for national security reasons.

Furthermore, the Act requires the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to establish an annual list of products manufactured or exported from the PRC. This list will include products that receive support from the PRC government, particularly under its "Made in China 2025" industrial policy, and are determined to displace U.S. net exports. It will also identify products used by the PRC government to carry out human rights or religious liberties violations, covering industries such as artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and biotechnology.