The College Thriving Act directs the Secretary of Education to establish a competitive grant program for eligible institutions of higher education. This program aims to fund the development and implementation of "skills-for-success" courses for all first-year students, including transfer students, at participating institutions. Grants will be awarded for a 5-year period, with the Secretary prioritizing institutions where at least 50 percent of enrolled students are eligible for Federal Pell Grants. To receive a grant, institutions must submit an application detailing their proposed course and activities across four phases: preparation, pilot, and full implementation over the grant period. The skills-for-success course must have a low student-to-teacher ratio, be ungraded or pass-fail, and cover topics such as developing campus connections, mental wellbeing, time management, planning, coping with stress, managing conflict, goal setting, healthy relationships, and self-care. Institutions are required to evaluate the course's impact and submit a final report upon completion of the grant period. The bill authorizes $50,000,000 for this program.