This bill, titled the "Protecting America's Agricultural Land from Foreign Harm Act of 2025," seeks to prevent certain foreign entities from acquiring agricultural land in the United States. It specifically prohibits "covered persons," defined as entities owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdiction of the governments of Iran, North Korea, the People's Republic of China, or the Russian Federation , from purchasing or leasing both public and private agricultural land. The President is authorized to use authorities under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to enforce these prohibitions, with penalties mirroring those for IEEPA violations. Beyond land acquisition, the legislation also restricts these covered persons from participating in most Department of Agriculture programs if they own or lease U.S. agricultural land, though exceptions exist for food safety and health programs. Furthermore, the bill significantly amends the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (AFIDA) to enhance transparency and enforcement. Key changes include expanding reporting requirements to cover security interests and leases of any duration, increasing civil penalties for non-compliance to a range of 15% to 30% of the land's value, and mandating a lien on the land until penalties are paid. AFIDA's definition of a "foreign person" is also broadened to include entities whose equity securities are primarily traded on exchanges within the specified foreign adversary nations. To improve oversight, the bill mandates several new reports. The Secretary of Agriculture must submit biennial reports to Congress detailing the risks and benefits of foreign agricultural land ownership, reporting inaccuracies, and state/local tracking efforts. Concurrently, the Director of National Intelligence is required to provide biennial reports analyzing foreign malign influence by covered persons in the U.S. agriculture industry and the motives behind foreign investment. Finally, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) will conduct a review of AFIDA's resources, staffing, enforcement, and recommend necessary changes.