The "China Trade Relations Act of 2025" aims to fundamentally alter the trade relationship between the United States and the People's Republic of China. It immediately withdraws normal trade relations (NTR) treatment for products from China, effectively reverting its trade status to the conditions that existed prior to its accession to the World Trade Organization. This means that future NTR treatment can only be extended under the more stringent provisions of the Trade Act of 1974, specifically Chapter 1 of Title IV, as it was in effect before China joined the WTO.

The bill significantly expands the criteria for China's ineligibility for NTR, U.S. government credits, or commercial agreements, by amending Section 402 of the Trade Act of 1974 to include a broad range of human rights and economic concerns. These new conditions require China to address issues such as freedom of emigration, compliance with the 1992 memorandum on prison labor products, adherence to International Labour Organization standards, and the cessation of operating "vocational training and education centers" or concentration camps. Furthermore, China must cease intimidating its nationals abroad, protect Tibet's cultural heritage, and stop systematic economic espionage and intellectual property theft against the United States.

Additional human rights requirements include making significant progress on adhering to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, eliminating torture, releasing political and religious prisoners, ensuring humane treatment of prisoners, and ending organ harvesting without consent and forced abortion or sterilization procedures. For China to regain NTR, the President must submit a report to Congress, twice annually, certifying that China is not in violation of any of these expanded conditions, though a 12-month waiver is possible if it promotes the bill's objectives, subject to Congressional disapproval.