The Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act establishes a national policy promoting strong labor-management relationships for state and local public safety officers. Congress declares that such cooperation is essential for national security, enabling effective responses to terrorism, natural disasters, and other emergencies, and preventing industrial strife. The bill recognizes the vital role of first responders and aims to improve their working conditions and morale, while respecting existing state laws that provide comparable or greater rights.

This Act defines public safety officers as law enforcement, firefighters, and emergency medical services personnel, specifically excluding permanent supervisory, management, or confidential employees. It mandates the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA) to determine if state laws "substantially provide" for specific collective bargaining rights. These rights include the ability for officers to form and join a labor organization, requiring employers to recognize and bargain with such organizations, and the right to bargain over hours, wages, and terms and conditions of employment. It also requires providing for binding interest arbitration as a mechanism to resolve impasses in negotiations.

If the FLRA determines that a state's laws meet these standards, they are not preempted by this Act. However, if a state does not substantially provide these rights, the FLRA will issue regulations establishing federal collective bargaining procedures for that state after a two-year grace period. The FLRA's responsibilities in such cases include determining appropriate bargaining units, supervising elections, resolving unfair labor practices, and enforcing compliance through federal courts.

The bill prohibits strikes, lockouts, or other organized job actions that would measurably disrupt emergency services, though it clarifies that this does not preempt state laws regarding strikes. It also ensures that existing collective bargaining units, agreements, and memoranda of understanding remain valid. Furthermore, the Act clarifies that it does not preempt or limit state laws that provide comparable or greater rights, right-to-work laws, or state laws that exempt small political subdivisions or do not require bargaining over pensions, retirement, or health benefits.