The "Expanding Medical Education Act" proposes a new federal grant program to bolster medical and osteopathic education across the United States. This program aims to support institutions of higher education in establishing, improving, or expanding schools of medicine or osteopathic medicine, including their branch campuses. The primary goal is to address healthcare provider shortages and improve access to care in underserved regions.

The Secretary is directed to prioritize grant applications from institutions proposing to establish new schools or branch campuses in areas lacking such facilities, especially if they are minority-serving institutions located in medically underserved communities or health professional shortage areas. Additionally, existing minority-serving institutions are given priority. The bill also emphasizes ensuring an equitable geographical distribution of awards.

Grant funds are mandated for specific uses, including recruiting, enrolling, and retaining medical students from diverse backgrounds, such as those from disadvantaged backgrounds, underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, rural and underserved areas, low-income individuals, and first-generation college students. Funds must also be used to develop and expand curricula that emphasize accessible and culturally appropriate care for rural and underserved populations. Permitted uses include planning and constructing new facilities, achieving accreditation, hiring diverse faculty and staff, supporting educational programs, and modernizing infrastructure.

The legislation includes robust reporting requirements to ensure accountability and track the program's effectiveness. Grant recipients must submit annual reports on their activities, while the Secretary is required to submit comprehensive reports to Congress every five years. These congressional reports will detail awardees, student demographics, the program's impact on the healthcare workforce and access in underserved areas, and recommendations for improvement, with all such reports made publicly available.