The "CREATE AI Act of 2025" establishes the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR) to broaden access to essential AI computational resources and large datasets. This initiative aims to address the current limitation of these resources primarily to large technology companies, thereby fostering greater diversity and innovation within the U.S. artificial intelligence research and development community. The bill emphasizes maintaining U.S. leadership in AI and ensuring its development benefits all Americans.

Governance of the NAIRR involves a multi-layered structure. A NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, is established within the Interagency Committee to provide high-level oversight, approve operating plans, review budgets, and define key performance indicators. This subcommittee will also coordinate with the National Science Foundation (NSF) and a newly created Program Management Office (PMO).

The PMO, situated within the NSF, will manage the NAIRR's day-to-day functions, including developing funding opportunities and selecting a nongovernmental Operating Entity through a competitive process. The Operating Entity will be responsible for coordinating resource provisioning, maintaining a user portal, developing policies, and providing technical support and training. The NAIRR will offer a comprehensive suite of resources, including:

A mix of computational resources (on-premises, cloud-based, hybrid, open-source software).
Curated datasets, an AI open data commons, and access to Federal statistical data.
Educational tools and services, including training materials and outreach to increase STEM participation.
Access to AI testbeds for benchmarking and evaluation.

Eligibility for NAIRR access is extended to U.S.-based researchers, educators, and students affiliated with institutions of higher education, nonprofits, Executive agencies, federally funded research and development centers, and qualifying small businesses. The bill mandates strict requirements for privacy, ethics, civil rights, safety, and trustworthiness in AI systems developed using NAIRR resources, with a significant percentage of computational resources prioritized for projects focusing on these areas. It also establishes guidance for scientific integrity and robust security measures, including minimum security requirements and user access controls.

To ensure sustainability and accessibility, the PMO, through the Operating Entity, may establish a fee schedule that includes a free tier of access based on appropriated funds. This fee structure may vary by user type but must ensure the primary purpose of the NAIRR is to support research. The bill also authorizes the NAIRR to accept donations of cash, services, and property from the private sector and requires adherence to research security policies like National Security Presidential Memorandum-33.