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Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2025

USA119th CongressHR-2675| House 
| Updated: 11/20/2025
Ben Cline

Ben Cline

Republican Representative

Virginia

Cosponsors (19)
Barry Moore (Republican)Mark Alford (Republican)Robert J. Wittman (Republican)Lance Gooden (Republican)Keith Self (Republican)Michael Baumgartner (Republican)Beth Van Duyne (Republican)Derek Schmidt (Republican)Eugene Simon Vindman (Democratic)Brandon Gill (Republican)Andy Barr (Republican)Darrell Issa (Republican)Mike Flood (Republican)Ann Wagner (Republican)Brad Finstad (Republican)Mike Bost (Republican)Addison P. McDowell (Republican)Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican)Tim Moore (Republican)

Judiciary Committee

  • Introduced
  • In Committee
  • On Floor
  • Passed Chamber
  • Enacted
This bill amends chapter 111 of title 28, United States Code, to establish new requirements for transparency and limitations on foreign third-party litigation funding in U.S. courts. It defines key terms such as "foreign person," "foreign state," and "sovereign wealth fund" to delineate the scope of these regulations. The primary goal is to prevent undue foreign influence in civil actions. A central provision mandates that parties or their counsel in any civil action must disclose in writing to the court, other parties, and the Attorney General the identity of any foreign person, foreign state, or sovereign wealth fund that has a contingent right to receive payment based on the outcome of the litigation. This disclosure also requires producing a copy of any such funding agreement and certifying whether the money is sourced, in whole or in part, from these foreign entities. These disclosures must be made under penalty of perjury and are subject to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure sanctions for non-compliance. Significantly, the bill prohibits third-party litigation funding by foreign states and sovereign wealth funds . Any agreement found to be in violation of this prohibition will be deemed null and void. These new requirements apply to all civil actions pending on or commenced after the bill's enactment date. Finally, the Act requires the Attorney General to submit an annual report to Congress . This report will detail activities involving foreign third-party litigation funding in Federal courts, including the identities of funders, sources of money, judicial districts involved, estimated amounts, and the subject matters of the civil actions funded.
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Timeline

Bill from Previous Congress

HR 118-5488
Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2023
Apr 7, 2025
Introduced in House
Apr 7, 2025
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Nov 18, 2025

Latest Companion Bill Action

S 119-3180
Introduced in Senate
Nov 18, 2025
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Nov 19, 2025
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Nov 20, 2025
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 15 - 11.
Nov 20, 2025
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  • Bill from Previous Congress

    HR 118-5488
    Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2023


  • April 7, 2025
    Introduced in House


  • April 7, 2025
    Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.


  • November 18, 2025

    Latest Companion Bill Action

    S 119-3180
    Introduced in Senate


  • November 18, 2025
    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held


  • November 19, 2025
    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held


  • November 20, 2025
    Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 15 - 11.


  • November 20, 2025
    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held

Law

Related Bills

  • S 119-3180: Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2025
Civil actions and liabilityCongressional oversightForeign and international bankingJudicial procedure and administration

Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2025

USA119th CongressHR-2675| House 
| Updated: 11/20/2025
This bill amends chapter 111 of title 28, United States Code, to establish new requirements for transparency and limitations on foreign third-party litigation funding in U.S. courts. It defines key terms such as "foreign person," "foreign state," and "sovereign wealth fund" to delineate the scope of these regulations. The primary goal is to prevent undue foreign influence in civil actions. A central provision mandates that parties or their counsel in any civil action must disclose in writing to the court, other parties, and the Attorney General the identity of any foreign person, foreign state, or sovereign wealth fund that has a contingent right to receive payment based on the outcome of the litigation. This disclosure also requires producing a copy of any such funding agreement and certifying whether the money is sourced, in whole or in part, from these foreign entities. These disclosures must be made under penalty of perjury and are subject to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure sanctions for non-compliance. Significantly, the bill prohibits third-party litigation funding by foreign states and sovereign wealth funds . Any agreement found to be in violation of this prohibition will be deemed null and void. These new requirements apply to all civil actions pending on or commenced after the bill's enactment date. Finally, the Act requires the Attorney General to submit an annual report to Congress . This report will detail activities involving foreign third-party litigation funding in Federal courts, including the identities of funders, sources of money, judicial districts involved, estimated amounts, and the subject matters of the civil actions funded.
View Full Text

Suggested Questions

Get AI-generated questions to help you understand this bill better

Timeline

Bill from Previous Congress

HR 118-5488
Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2023
Apr 7, 2025
Introduced in House
Apr 7, 2025
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Nov 18, 2025

Latest Companion Bill Action

S 119-3180
Introduced in Senate
Nov 18, 2025
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Nov 19, 2025
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Nov 20, 2025
Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 15 - 11.
Nov 20, 2025
Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
  • Bill from Previous Congress

    HR 118-5488
    Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2023


  • April 7, 2025
    Introduced in House


  • April 7, 2025
    Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.


  • November 18, 2025

    Latest Companion Bill Action

    S 119-3180
    Introduced in Senate


  • November 18, 2025
    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held


  • November 19, 2025
    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held


  • November 20, 2025
    Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 15 - 11.


  • November 20, 2025
    Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held
Ben Cline

Ben Cline

Republican Representative

Virginia

Cosponsors (19)
Barry Moore (Republican)Mark Alford (Republican)Robert J. Wittman (Republican)Lance Gooden (Republican)Keith Self (Republican)Michael Baumgartner (Republican)Beth Van Duyne (Republican)Derek Schmidt (Republican)Eugene Simon Vindman (Democratic)Brandon Gill (Republican)Andy Barr (Republican)Darrell Issa (Republican)Mike Flood (Republican)Ann Wagner (Republican)Brad Finstad (Republican)Mike Bost (Republican)Addison P. McDowell (Republican)Jennifer A. Kiggans (Republican)Tim Moore (Republican)

Judiciary Committee

Law

Related Bills

  • S 119-3180: Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2025
  • Introduced
  • In Committee
  • On Floor
  • Passed Chamber
  • Enacted
Civil actions and liabilityCongressional oversightForeign and international bankingJudicial procedure and administration