The Air Traffic Controller Protection Act mandates that the Secretary of Transportation obtain explicit Congressional approval before reducing, replacing, or outsourcing 1 percent or more of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) workforce. This measure aims to ensure legislative oversight over significant changes to FAA staffing levels. Before seeking such approval, the Secretary must submit a detailed report to Congress outlining the rationale for the proposed changes and an analysis of their potential impact on the aviation and transportation system. Additionally, the bill prohibits the privatization or outsourcing of the FAA's air traffic control system, safeguarding its current operational structure.