The "Transformational Artificial intelligence to Modernize the Economy against Extreme Weather and Wildfires Act" directs the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, who leads NOAA, to utilize artificial intelligence to improve the nation's ability to adapt to extreme weather and wildfires. Within two years, NOAA must develop and curate comprehensive weather forecasting training datasets using relevant Earth system data. This initiative includes exploring the development and testing of a global artificial intelligence weather model to advance the science of weather forecasting, including seasonal and subseasonal predictions.

The bill also mandates the exploration of advanced AI applications to improve weather forecasts and information delivery, such as enhancing data assimilation techniques and impact-based decision support for communities. A key provision establishes a Fire Environment Modeling Program, requiring NOAA to use AI to analyze environmental data for predicting and detecting wildfires, forecasting their propagation, and warning at-risk communities. Furthermore, NOAA will provide technical assistance and best practices for non-Federal AI weather models and support the development of a common framework for assessing both numerical and AI weather models through reforecast analysis.

To support these efforts, the Act encourages novel partnerships with private and academic entities for transformational innovation and co-investment strategies in environmental forecasting. It also directs NOAA to develop, recruit, and sustain a professional workforce with expertise in AI for weather forecasting applications, leveraging public-private collaborations. Finally, the bill allows for public access to data and code developed under the Act, under an open license, while ensuring protections for national security, intellectual property, and trade secrets.