This legislation, known as the Gun Hardware Oversight and Shipment Tracking Act of 2025, establishes the Federal Interstate Firearm Parts Reporting System. This system requires entities to register the shipment or transportation of specific firearm components, defined as barrels, slides, or bolt carriers, across state lines or internationally. The primary goal is to assist law enforcement in monitoring the movement of these critical firearm parts.

Entities must register with the Attorney General at least five business days before shipping, providing comprehensive details about both the sender and the intended recipient, the shipping method, and a manifest of the components. The bill also mandates specific delivery protocols, such as using registered or certified mail for postal services or requiring a recipient's signature for other delivery methods. Furthermore, entities are required to confirm delivery within five business days of the initial registration.

A safe harbor provision allows for retroactive registration after delivery or for the recipient to file a putative registration if the sender failed to comply. The Attorney General is tasked with compiling and maintaining a database of all registered shipments, which will be accessible to federal, state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies and prosecutors. This database is explicitly exempt from public disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act.

The bill makes it unlawful to knowingly ship or transport covered firearm components without registration, especially with intent to evade the requirements. Unregistered components are subject to seizure by the Attorney General or designated government entities. Violators face penalties including fines and imprisonment for up to one year, with more severe penalties of up to ten years imprisonment for offenses involving 50 or more components in a single act.