This legislation, known as the SMART Act, proposes a comprehensive overhaul of the United States immigration system, shifting its focus towards a skills-based model. It aims to prioritize immigrants with specific qualifications, significantly restructure family-sponsored immigration, and introduce new limitations on refugee admissions. The bill also seeks to enhance enforcement and modify several existing visa categories to align with its new objectives. A central feature is the establishment of a new points-based immigration system , replacing previous employment-based categories. Under this system, applicants earn points based on factors such as age, educational attainment (with a preference for STEM degrees and U.S. education), English language proficiency, extraordinary achievements like Nobel Prizes, and high-salary job offers. An initial worldwide cap of 193,000 points-based immigrant visas is set, with an application process involving eligibility screening, tie-breaking factors, and a formal visa petition. Successful applicants and their immediate families are ineligible for federal means-tested public benefits for five years. The bill dramatically alters family-sponsored immigration , limiting it primarily to spouses and minor children under 18 years of age of U.S. citizens and permanent residents. It creates a new nonimmigrant visa for parents of adult U.S. citizens, but these parents would not be authorized to work or receive public benefits. Their sponsoring citizen child would be responsible for their financial support and must arrange for their health insurance coverage. Key programs are also affected, with the complete elimination of the Diversity Visa Program . Furthermore, the number of refugees admitted annually to the United States would be capped at a maximum of 50,000. These changes reflect a move to streamline and control various avenues of legal immigration. Additional provisions include reforms to the H-1B visa program , where visas will be prioritized based on the compensation rate offered to applicants, and the annual cap will be dynamically adjusted. A new Gold-Card Immigrant Visa Program is introduced, offering 25,000 visas annually for individuals investing at least $5 million in a U.S. commercial enterprise and creating at least 10 full-time jobs. The bill also mandates that institutions approved for student visas require in-person classes at least three days per week and directs the use of artificial intelligence to identify visa overstays. Finally, it adds a prerequisite for naturalization, requiring reimbursement of public benefits received if an affidavit of support was executed.