This bill mandates the Secretary of Agriculture and the Director of the National Science Foundation to undertake cross-cutting and collaborative research and development activities. The primary goal is to jointly advance the mission requirements and priorities of both agencies. This coordination will be formalized through memoranda of understanding or other appropriate interagency agreements, which must incorporate a competitive, merit review process for proposed activities. These activities may involve components proposed by Federal agencies, institutions of higher education, nonprofit institutions, and other appropriate entities.

The collaborative efforts may encompass a wide array of focus areas, including plant, animal, and microbial biology relevant to agriculture, food and nutrition security, and rural economic revitalization. Key technological areas such as cyber-physical systems, advanced sensors, nano-biosensing, and emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics for agricultural uses are also emphasized. The bill also promotes collaboration and data sharing among various entities, while supporting essential research infrastructure, including new facilities, equipment, and broadband deployment.

Furthermore, the legislation directs the agencies to organize education, training, and research initiatives focused on STEM education and workforce development, including K-12 agricultural literacy and curricula. It authorizes grants for establishing Centers for Agricultural Research, Education, and Workforce Development at eligible institutions. The Secretary and Director are also empowered to enter into reimbursable agreements and collaborate with other Federal agencies. A report detailing interagency coordination, achievements, and future plans is required within two years, with all activities adhering to research security guidelines from the CHIPS and Science Act.