The Promoting Efficient Review for Modern Infrastructure Today Act, or PERMIT Act, proposes significant amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, aiming to streamline federal water quality permitting processes, reduce regulatory burdens, and clarify the scope of federal jurisdiction over "waters of the United States." The bill introduces changes across several areas, including water quality standards, permitting timelines, and judicial review. The bill mandates that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states consider the cost and commercial availability of treatment technologies when developing or revising water quality standards and criteria. This aims to ensure that required technologies are practical and accessible. Additionally, new or revised water quality criteria must be issued through formal administrative rulemaking, making them subject to judicial review for increased transparency and accountability. The PERMIT Act introduces several reforms to the permitting process. It extends the maximum term for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits from five to ten years and clarifies that compliance with a permit covers specific pollutants identified during the application or in the permit itself. For Section 401 water quality certifications, the bill limits the decision-making period to one year, requires decisions to be based solely on compliance with specific FWPCA sections, and defines what constitutes a complete certification request. The legislation provides significant exemptions for certain types of discharges. It prohibits requiring permits for agricultural stormwater discharges that occur in direct response to precipitation, broadly defining agricultural land. Furthermore, it exempts discharges of pesticides or their residues from permit requirements, with exceptions for violations of pesticide law or specific industrial/vessel discharges. The bill also exempts aerial application of fire control products from NPDES permits. For permits involving dredged or fill material under Section 404, the bill extends general permit terms to ten years and streamlines the reissuance of nationwide permits by reducing consultation requirements under the Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act. It mandates nationwide general permits for certain linear infrastructure and pipeline projects , considering discharges into less than three acres as minimal adverse environmental effects. Crucially, the bill amends the definition of "navigable waters" to explicitly exclude waste treatment systems, ephemeral features, certain prior converted cropland, and groundwater, thereby narrowing federal jurisdiction. The bill establishes a 60-day statute of limitations for judicial review of permit decisions and requires parties seeking review to have submitted detailed comments during administrative proceedings. It limits judicial remedies, generally requiring remands for non-compliance rather than vacating permits, unless there is an imminent and substantial danger to human health or the environment. Finally, the Act directs the EPA to review and revise State permit program approval regulations to streamline the process and encourages states to participate in federal permitting coordination efforts.