This legislation, known as the "Protect Railroads Against Illegal Looters Act" or "Protect RAIL Act," seeks to enhance immigration enforcement by addressing crimes related to theft from interstate or foreign shipments. It specifically amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to broaden the criteria under which non-citizens can be deemed inadmissible or deportable. The bill stipulates that any alien convicted of, admitting to committing, or admitting to the essential elements of an offense under section 659 of title 18, United States Code , or a conspiracy to commit such an offense, will be considered inadmissible to the United States. Additionally, aliens convicted of these specific offenses would also be subject to deportation. These provisions aim to deter and penalize non-citizens involved in crimes impacting transportation and supply chain integrity.