The "Upholding the Dayton Peace Agreement Through Sanctions Act" aims to bolster Bosnia and Herzegovina's stability and progress towards Euro-Atlantic integration. It outlines U.S. policy to support the country's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and multi-ethnic character, encouraging institutional participation and the implementation of European Court of Human Rights rulings. The bill also calls for robust use of targeted sanctions against those undermining the Dayton Peace Agreement and condemns Russia's role in fueling instability in the region.

A core provision mandates the President to periodically identify and sanction foreign persons responsible for actions that threaten Bosnia and Herzegovina's peace, security, or territorial integrity. This includes undermining state institutions, democratic processes, or the Dayton Peace Agreement, as well as engaging in significant corruption. Sanctions also apply to adult family members of sanctioned individuals and those who facilitate transactions for or are controlled by them.

The imposed sanctions include property blocking within U.S. jurisdiction and rendering individuals inadmissible to the United States, with existing visas revoked. Additionally, the Treasury Secretary can restrict foreign financial institutions that knowingly facilitate significant transactions for sanctioned persons. Exceptions are provided for intelligence, law enforcement, humanitarian assistance, and certain international obligations, and the President can waive sanctions for national security interests.

The bill also codifies existing sanctions related to the Western Balkans, specifically those under Executive Orders 13219 and 14033, ensuring they remain in effect. It establishes a process for Congress to request determinations on whether individuals meet sanction criteria under this Act or existing executive orders. The Act, along with the congressional input section, is subject to sunset clauses, terminating after seven and five years, respectively.