This bill amends the Social Security Act to create a new Medicare payment structure for specific facilities designated as catastrophic specialty hospitals . For these hospitals, the standard long-term care hospital prospective payment system will not apply, allowing for an alternative payment methodology for cost reporting periods beginning on or after the bill's enactment. To receive this designation, a hospital must meet several stringent criteria over a three-year period. Key requirements include that at least 80 percent of discharges must be related to spinal cord injury or acquired brain injury, and the hospital must provide a comprehensive continuum of care for these conditions. Additionally, the hospital must demonstrate significant patient volume, with at least 175 annual discharges for both spinal cord and acquired brain injuries, and attract a substantial portion of patients (at least 30 percent) from outside its state. Furthermore, qualifying hospitals must show a strong commitment to neurorehabilitation research , evidenced by factors such as dedicated research personnel, peer-reviewed publications, or specialized clinical training programs. This designation is effective for a three-year period, with provisions for redesignation if the hospital continues to meet the specified criteria.