This bill amends the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 to significantly expand a program for large cetaceans. It renames and broadens the existing "near real-time monitoring and mitigation program" into a comprehensive "mapping, surveying, monitoring, and mitigation program" for all migratory whales and other large cetaceans, moving beyond just threatened or endangered species. The overall goal is to improve data collection and reduce risks to these marine mammals from human activities. A key provision establishes a new requirement for the Under Secretary to produce high-accuracy distribution maps for migratory whales in U.S. waters. These maps must include critical habitats like calving, mating, and feeding grounds, as well as migration routes, and be made available in electronic formats for vessel navigation systems and the public. The bill also mandates research to identify and fill knowledge gaps, including developing novel data sources like passive acoustic monitoring and satellite imagery. Additionally, the bill requires the Under Secretary to conduct surveys for understudied migratory whale species to estimate their abundance and distribution, identifying potential habitat uses. To foster innovation, it establishes a competitive grant program , administered by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, for developing and deploying detection technologies. These grants will support activities that reduce lethal and sub-lethal interactions between ocean users and migratory whales, prioritizing projects with high impact and economic benefits for small businesses. The existing near real-time monitoring and mitigation efforts for threatened or endangered cetaceans are maintained as a distinct "Subprogram" within the broader framework. The bill authorizes specific appropriations for these new and expanded activities, including $2 million annually for mapping, $1 million for understudied species surveys, and $10 million for the grant program. Finally, it requires regular reports to Congress on program activities, knowledge gaps, and the effectiveness of grant-funded projects, and mandates that the new distribution maps be considered in marine mammal stock assessments.