This bill amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to establish clear federal preemption over state dietary supplement regulations, aiming to ensure regulatory uniformity across the nation. It explicitly prohibits any state or political subdivision from establishing or maintaining requirements for dietary supplements that are different from, in addition to, or not identical with federal law. The legislation does, however, provide a mechanism for states to seek exemptions from this federal preemption. The Secretary may grant an exemption if a state's requirement is demonstrably more stringent than the applicable federal law. Alternatively, an exemption can be approved if the state requirement addresses a compelling local condition and does not cause the dietary supplement to fall out of compliance with federal standards.