This bill aims to improve the United States' energy performance, transparency, and decision-making by modernizing how it measures and accounts for gross energy input into the national system. Congress finds that current primary energy measures, developed for combustion-based economies, inadequately capture the efficiency of non-combustion sources and obscure critical trends in electrification and decarbonization, hindering effective policymaking. To address these issues, the legislation mandates the Secretary of Energy, supported by the Energy Information Administration (EIA), to conduct a **comprehensive study** on the validity and limitations of current primary energy indicators. This study will evaluate their conceptual basis, assess limitations in reflecting energy efficiency and transitions, analyze alternative indicators, and recommend improvements or replacements aligned with national energy goals. Furthermore, the bill requires the EIA Administrator to develop, collect, and report on **incident energy** statistics, defined as the total energy entering an energy conversion technology from natural or environmental sources before transformation losses. These new statistics must be integrated into existing EIA reports for side-by-side comparison with primary and final energy data, with all underlying data and methodologies made publicly available.