The Revising and Enhancing Project Authorizations Impacted by Review Act of 2025, or REPAIR Act, aims to significantly modify the process of judicial review for federal project authorizations. It applies to a wide range of projects requiring permits, licenses, or approvals under numerous federal environmental and energy laws, including the Clean Air Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Endangered Species Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The bill seeks to expedite project development by limiting legal challenges and streamlining post-challenge resolution.

The Act imposes strict statutes of limitations for judicial review, requiring initial claims to be filed within 120 days of a final agency action. Subsequent actions related to an initial claim must also be filed within 120 days, with failure to do so invalidating the original claim. Furthermore, it significantly narrows judicial standing, allowing individuals to bring a claim only if they will suffer a "direct and tangible harm" (physical illness, bodily injury, or uncompensated economic loss) that was not analyzed in the initial authorization.

When a court finds an agency did not comply with requirements, the default remedy is a remand to the agency, rather than vacating or enjoining the authorization. Courts are prohibited from vacating or limiting an authorization unless it presents an "imminent and substantial danger to human health or the environment" for which no other equitable remedy exists. If an authorization is enjoined, remanded, or vacated, the bill mandates a mediation process overseen by the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council.

During this mediation, both the project sponsor and the agency of jurisdiction must submit remediation proposals to address the court's findings. The Council then facilitates a final remediation plan, which primarily uses existing information and analysis. Critically, this final remediation plan is not subject to further judicial review, except by the project sponsor. Agencies are then required to reauthorize the project within 15 days based on this plan, or the project sponsor may proceed.

The bill also amends the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to explicitly state that NEPA itself, or any environmental review conducted under it, does not provide a judicial right of action under NEPA or the Administrative Procedure Act for project authorizations. To promote transparency and accountability in the judicial process, the Council is tasked with maintaining a public database of judicial review claims that exceed 90 days, reporting on courts and judges with multiple delayed cases.