The "Access to Fertility Treatment and Care Act" aims to significantly expand access to fertility treatment by requiring most health insurance plans to cover these services. Specifically, it mandates that group health plans and health insurance issuers offering group or individual coverage must provide coverage for fertility treatment if they already cover obstetrical services. This coverage is required even if the individual has not received an infertility diagnosis, provided the treatment is clinically appropriate and performed by a compliant medical facility. The bill broadly defines fertility treatment to include services such as the preservation of human oocytes, sperm, or embryos, artificial insemination, and assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF). It also covers genetic testing of embryos, fertility medications, and gamete donation. The Secretary of Health and Human Services can determine other related services to be included. To ensure equitable access, the legislation stipulates that cost-sharing, including deductibles and coinsurance, for fertility treatment cannot exceed that applied to other medical services under the plan, or must be more favorable. It also prohibits plans from offering incentives to discourage treatment, restricting provider discussions, penalizing providers for offering medically appropriate care, or discriminating against individuals based on protected characteristics. Beyond private insurance, the bill extends these requirements to several federal programs. The Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP) and TRICARE plans must cover fertility treatment if they cover obstetrical benefits, with similar cost-sharing rules. The Department of Veterans Affairs is directed to furnish fertility treatment services to veterans and their spouses or partners. Furthermore, the bill amends Medicaid to require state plans to include fertility treatment as part of family planning services, adhering to the same standards as private insurance. For Medicare , fertility treatment is added as a covered service, with a provision for 100 percent payment and a waiver of coinsurance and deductibles for these specific treatments. These provisions are set to take effect for plan years beginning six months after enactment, with specific dates for federal programs and Medicaid.