This legislation requires the Secretary of Defense to provide comprehensive, no-cost medical testing and related services to Department of Defense firefighters. These services are designed to detect, document, and prevent certain cancers, and will be offered during annual periodic health assessments or at other clinically indicated intervals. Firefighters retain the option to decline any of the provided medical testing or related services. The bill outlines specific criteria for cancer screenings, including mammograms for female firefighters based on age, and colon cancer screenings involving stool-based blood testing or visual examinations for firefighters over 40 or 45, respectively. For male firefighters, prostate-specific antigen tests are mandated, particularly for those aged 50 or older, or high-risk individuals over 40. Additionally, routine screenings for any other cancers identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as having a higher incidence among firefighters are required. The Secretary must document acceptance rates and test results to identify cancer trends, ensuring individual privacy, and may share de-identified data with the CDC to advance understanding of cancer among firefighters.