The Restoring American Mineral Security Act of 2025 aims to establish a reliable supply chain for critical minerals, essential for United States defense, manufacturing, and energy needs. Congress finds that the U.S. is overly dependent on the People's Republic of China for these minerals, and China has weaponized its market dominance through unfair trade practices. The bill seeks to combat this by building an alliance of trusted trading partners and promoting a robust domestic critical minerals industry.

The legislation authorizes the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to negotiate the formation of a Critical Minerals Security Alliance. To be eligible, countries must agree to increase duties on critical minerals and select derivative products sourced from foreign countries of concern to match U.S. rates against China. Alliance members must also eliminate duties on imports of these materials from other member countries, share critical mineral capacity reviews, and take complementary actions against unfair trade practices, including robust investment screening and effective trade remedies.

Upon a country's admittance to the Alliance, its mined and processed critical minerals and select derivative products will enter the United States duty-free and be exempt from certain existing U.S. duties. Conversely, critical minerals and select derivative products imported into the U.S. from foreign countries of concern will face increased duties, aligning with those imposed on products from the People's Republic of China. The USTR will conduct regular reviews of the Alliance and report annually on engagement with potential member countries.

Furthermore, the bill establishes a Trust Fund to Support United States Critical Mineral Mining and Processing Projects. This fund will be financed by duties collected on critical mineral imports into the U.S. Sixty percent of the funds will go to the Department of Energy's Loan Programs Office, 20 percent to the Department of Defense, and 20 percent to the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) for international projects in Alliance member countries. The DFC is granted expanded authority to support projects in higher-income economies under specific conditions, aiming to counter strategic competitors and secure vital resources.