This legislation mandates that the Bureau of the Census implement a new methodology for measuring poverty, in addition to the existing Official Poverty Measure and Supplemental Poverty Measure. This new approach, to be established within one year of enactment, will be based on the methodology outlined in the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) distributional analysis of household income. The core of this new calculation defines an individual's income as the sum of earned income and government transfer payments , less taxes paid . Earned income is broadly defined to include wages, self-employment earnings, interest, dividends, rents, capital gains, and a comprehensive list of employer-paid benefits such as health insurance, retirement contributions, and in-kind compensation. These earned income figures will be reconciled and adjusted using reliable independent benchmarks. Government transfer payments encompass any money, goods, services, or discounts provided to individuals or households by federal, state, or local government sources, not as payment for services. This extensive category includes benefits from programs like unemployment insurance, Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, refundable tax credits (e.g., Earned Income Tax Credit, Child Tax Credit), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), housing assistance, and Pell Grants. Conversely, taxes include all money revenues paid by individuals or households to any level of government, directly or indirectly. This covers employment taxes, income taxes, allocated corporate income taxes, self-employment taxes, property taxes, capital gains taxes, estate taxes, sales taxes, excise taxes, and tariffs. Notably, refundable tax credits are explicitly treated as government transfer payments rather than reductions in taxes paid. To facilitate this new measurement, federal agencies are required to provide relevant data to the Director of the Census Bureau within 180 days of a request, and state and local agencies may also be asked to provide necessary information. Within one year of implementing the new methodology, the Director must submit reports to Congress detailing the implementation, comparing the recalculated measures of income inequality and household income dispersion to previous methodologies, and publishing all relevant statistics using this new calculation, including historical data. The bill also includes provisions for protecting personally identifiable information, ensuring confidentiality, and establishing criminal penalties for unauthorized access or disclosure.