This bill, known as Jaime's Law, seeks to enhance the background check process in the United States to prevent individuals prohibited by Federal and State law from purchasing ammunition. It amends existing federal law to expand the scope of background checks, primarily by requiring them for most ammunition transfers, mirroring current requirements for firearm sales. A key provision establishes that any transfer of ammunition between two unlicensed persons must be facilitated by a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer . These licensees must take possession of the ammunition and comply with all background check requirements as if transferring from their own inventory. The bill outlines several exceptions to this rule, including transfers to law enforcement, between close family members, for temporary self-defense, or for specific temporary uses like target shooting or hunting under certain conditions. Additionally, licensed dealers are required to provide notice of these transfer prohibitions to unlicensed persons and obtain certification. The legislation explicitly states that it does not authorize the establishment of a national firearms or ammunition registry, nor does it interfere with a State's authority to enact its own laws on the same subject matter. The Act and its amendments are set to take effect 180 days after its enactment.