The "Fair Play for Women Act" seeks to address persistent sex-based discrimination and unequal opportunities for women and girls in school-based and intercollegiate athletics. Its core purposes include improving data transparency, ensuring awareness of nondiscrimination rights, and guaranteeing equal access to high-quality athletic opportunities across all educational levels. The bill applies to State athletic associations, intercollegiate athletic associations, covered institutions of higher education, and local educational agencies.

The Act explicitly prohibits these entities from discriminating on the basis of sex in various aspects of athletics, including rules, required sports, competition sponsorship, facilities, amenities, and the distribution of revenues or benefits. Crucially, it establishes a private right of action, allowing individuals who experience discrimination to sue for legal and equitable relief, including compensatory and punitive damages.

A significant component of the bill involves expanding disclosure requirements for athletic programs. For higher education, it mandates detailed reporting on participant numbers, scholarships (including full-cost and multi-year awards), revenues, expenses, and coach compensation, all disaggregated by sex and sport. It also requires reporting on practice players and race/ethnicity data, along with a certification of the institution's Title IX compliance method.

Similarly, elementary and secondary schools receiving federal funds must annually report comprehensive data on student demographics, team participation, and detailed expenditures for each sport. To foster awareness, the bill requires annual Title IX training for athletic staff, physical education teachers, and athletes at both K-12 and collegiate levels, with college athletes receiving training from an external expert.

The Secretary of Education is tasked with establishing a public database of Title IX coordinators and is empowered to impose civil penalties on institutions or agencies found in noncompliance with the Act's provisions or Title IX. Repeated noncompliance (2 or more years out of 5) triggers a requirement for the entity to submit a publicly available compliance plan, reinforcing accountability for gender equity in sports.