This resolution calls upon the Senate to provide its advice and consent for the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Adopted in 1982 and in force since 1994, UNCLOS establishes a comprehensive treaty regime for governing activities in the world's oceans, building upon earlier conventions to which the United States is already a party. Despite the United States adhering to many of its provisions as customary international law, it remains one of the few nations, alongside 170 other parties, that has not formally ratified the treaty.

Becoming a party to UNCLOS would codify the United States' current diplomatic positions and provide it with crucial standing to participate in discussions and intervene as a full party in disputes related to navigational rights. This would improve the ability of the United States to defend its interpretations of the treaty, such as those concerning foreign military activities in Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). Furthermore, ratification would grant the U.S. membership in the International Seabed Authority, allowing direct participation in setting policies for mineral-related activities in international waters, which is increasingly vital given global demand for critical minerals.

The resolution emphasizes that ratification would provide a stronger legal foundation for the United States to object to excessive maritime claims by countries like China and Russia, rather than relying solely on customary international law or other nations to assert claims. This enhanced authority and influence are deemed critical for managing territorial disputes, particularly in regions such as the Indo-Pacific, the Arctic, and the Black Sea. The current non-participation limits U.S. access and influence in key ocean governance forums and dispute resolution mechanisms, as demonstrated by past exclusions from observer status in international tribunals.

Numerous military and economic leaders, including past Secretaries of Defense and Navy, Chiefs of Naval Operations, and various Combatant Commanders, have consistently advocated for U.S. accession to UNCLOS. They affirm that ratification would impose no additional constraints on U.S. military operations and would significantly boost the nation's credibility and authority in maritime affairs. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce has also highlighted the economic benefits, citing the need for legal certainty and stability for American companies involved in telecommunications, mining, shipping, and energy sectors.

Ultimately, the resolution affirms that it is in the national interest for the United States to become a formal signatory to UNCLOS. It urges the Senate to give its advice and consent to ratification and recommends that this remain a top priority for the Federal Government, especially given the strategic challenges the United States faces globally in maritime domains.